Lock.



H; W.-SIM PSON. v

- LOCK.,

APPLIGATIox'HLnD SEPT. :14,19`n'1v.

` 919,259, l PaGntGdAprQZO, 1909.

v asuma-'SHEET 1'.

Esi

nu: Nagin: rrrllcs co., wAsmNo-rou, D'. c.

H. W.v SIMPSON.

Loox. APPLICATION FILED SBIT. 25,1907.v

Paentea Apr. 2o, 1909.

2 SHEETS-:SHEET .2;

w/mfssfs:

fue: Nouns Firmes ca., wAsnmaroN. n. c.

'UNITE STATEFATENT OFFIQFQ.

HENRY W. SIMPSON, OF ITHACA, NEW YORK, ASSIGNOR TO MARCUS E. OALKINS, OF ITHACA, NEW YORK.

LOCK.

Patented April 20, 1909.

Application filed September 24, 1907. Serial No. 394,266. Y Y K To all wlw/m. it may concern: y

Be it known that I, HENRYVV. SIMPSON, a citizen of the United States, residing at Ithaca, in the county of Tom lrins and State of New York, have inventer certain new and useful Improvements in Locks, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to improvements in locks, and has particularI relation to barrel and tumbler structures for use therein.

The invention has for its object, the provision of a barrel and tumbler construction which will permit of a rotative movement oi the barrel when the tumblers have been moved in a direction longitudinally of the lbarrel to a proper position relatively thereto.

A further object is to provide the barrel with an operating element which may act as a lool: or as a bolt-operating device, depending upon the position in which it is located relatively to the remaining lock or latch structure.

Other and further objects of the invention will appear as the invention is hereinafter disclosed.

To these and other ends, this invention consists in the improved construction and combination of parts, hereinafter fully d escribed, illustrated in thel accompanying drawings, and particularly pointed out in the appended claims.

In the drawings, in which similar reference characters indicate similar parts in each of the views, Figure 1 is a perspective view showing one 'form of my barrel and tumbler with its casing. Fig. 2 is a plan view of the same with the casing removed, the tumblers being shown in their normal positions. Fig. 3 is a similar view showing the tumblers moved to a position where the barrel may be rotated by the liey. Fig. 4 is a side elevation of the parts shown in Fig. 3, and having the casing shown in section. Figs. 5, 6 and 7 are cross-sectional views talen on lines 5 5, SW6 and 7 7, respectively, of Fig. 4. Fig. S is a vertical longitudinal sectional view oi Fig. Figs. 9 andi() are detail views oi' the tumbler-carrying member ci the barrel and oi' one of the tumblers respectively.. Fig. 11 is a detail view of a key. Fig. 12 is an end View showing a modiiied form, an additional number of tumblers being provided. Fig. 13 is a detail view of a key used in connection with the arrangement of tumblers shown in Fig. 12. Fig. 14

is a detail sectional view showing a modiiied form of arrangement ofthe spring forming the tumbler-support. Fig. 15 shows in plan, side and end elevations, av modified construction of barrel and tumblers. Fig- 16 shows in detail views, the key used in connection with the structure shown in Fig. 15. Fig. 17 is a sectional view of a drawer lock, the barrel structure shown in Fig. 15 being in osi tion therein. Figs. 18 and 19 are etail views showing the bolt of the drawer lock in different positions.

Referring iirst to Figs. 1 to 1l, inclusive, 30 designates a barrel casing in the form of a tube open at its ends, and having at one end a recess 81 adapted to it over a stationary part of the lock casing andV by means of which the barrel is held from rotation. The casing is also provided` with slits 32 extending crossfwise of the casing on opposite sides thereof, said slits receiving bars 33, the ,slits being of suiiicient depth to permit the inner faces of the bars to project within the inner periphery of the casing, the slits being located at any predetermined point in the casing, suoli as approximately midway of the casing length. The outer surfaces of the bars 33 are rounded to conform to the outerperipheryT of the casing. 35 designates the barrel which consists of the tumbler-carrying member 36 and the tumblers 37. The tumbler-carrying member will iirst be described. The member 36 is formed substantiallyas shown in Fig. 9, and is of a length approximating the length of the cas ing. One of its ends 38 (that opposite the ley-inserting end) is circular in cross-section,

and adapted to fit the interior of the casing," the relative sizes being such las Vto permit a relative movementof the portion 86 and the'l casing. Said end 38 is provided with any,

elongated recess 39, said recess extending axially a suitable distance and having its central portion enlarged, as shown in Fig. 9..v Said recess is provided for the insertion of al lengthening bar 10 (see Fig. ,lwhen such bar is used. Spaced from the surface of the end 38 and parallel therewith is formed a cir-Kr` ciimferential groove 41:1 adapted yto receive; the projecting end of a screw or pin 42 ex-l tending through the casing. It is to be understood, of course, that the pin42 prevents, longitudinal movement of the barrel but, will permit a rotative movement.

As shown in Fig. 9, the1 member 36,is'-

a suitable length.

44 is a plate 45, which also extends longitudinally of the barrel and which .is of such length as to terminate at approximately' the free end of the bar 44, a lerf 46 being formed between the inner or central surface of the bar and the inner edge of the plate, said kerf extending inwardly a suitable distance. The bar 44 is provided with a circumferentially-extending groove 47, substantially midway of its length. The plate 45 is also provided with a recess 49 corresponding in position to the groove 47 of the bar. The groove 47 and recess 49 are adapted to receive the inwardly-prejecting portions of the bars 33, said bars 33 and the pin 42, heretofore described, preventing longitudinal movement of the barrel in the casing.

While the plate 45 may be formed integral with the bar 44,1 may form the same separate from the bar, in which case l secure the plate 45 to a plate 50, the latter being of substantially the thickness of the kerf 46, and having a width equal to the width of the face of the bar 44 and a length to carry its free end to the inner end of said kerf. The plate 5() is secured to the bar 44 by a screw 51, and, if desired, a suitable pin 52 may be provided either on the plate 5() or bar 44 to engage a hole in the opposing surface, such. construction tending to prevent relative movement of the plate 50 on the bar 44. lt will be understood of course, that if the plate 50 be employed, the groove 47 will be eX- tended over its edges. Adjacent the free ends of the bar 44 and plate 45, said bar and plate have their outer peripheries provided with recesses 53 and 54, respectively, eX- tending inwardly from the end of said parts. These recesses are adapted to receive an inwardly-projecting lug 57 formed on the casing 30. The mouth of the lrerf 46 is preferably rounded, as shown, and at a suitable point within the lerf, and proj ecting` from the inner face of the bar 44 is a pin 55, said pin being preferably loc-ated in alinement with the plate 45.

The end 38 of the member 36 is provided with an opera ting element which, in the form shown in YFigs. l to 1l is in the forni of a lug or projection 56 having its outer face curved concentriealiy with the curvature oi' the end 38, the distance between the eriphery of the end 38 and the periphery of t e lng 56 corresponding to the thickness of the wail of the casing 30. The inner face of the lug is flat as shown at 56", ig. E), the meeting points of the inner and outer faces of the lug 56 being preferably rounded. The lug 56 is normally positioned on the end 38 in approximate alinement with the bar 44. rThe normal position of the lug when the parts are assembled, is that shown in 4, the lng projecting from the plane of the end of the casing.

The tumblers E7, two of which are shown in Figs. 1 to 1i, are formed substantially as shown in ig. 10, each having a general cross-sectional shape oi a right-angled triangle, the outer side of which is rounded. These tnmhlers are adapted to he seated in the ways formed on each side of the pl ate 45, and the curvature of their faces corresponds to the curvature` of the inner periph ery of the casing, the tmnbiers practically completing the circular form of the barrel. Each tum-- hier is provided with a circumferentially-extending groove and an extended recess 59, the former to receive the bar and the latter to permit of the movement of the tumbler to carry it to a position where the groove 5S will be in alinement with the bars Each tumbler is also provided with a recess 60 adjacent its outer end, said recess corre sponding with the recesses and 54, and each tumbler is also provided, on its face opposing the face of the bar 44 with a pin G1.

To retain the tumblers in position at theirouter extremes of movement, springs 6:2 are interposed between the end 3S and the end of the tumbler. YWhile such form of providing the tension for the tuniblers is preferred, the form in fr ig. i4 may be employed, in which case the tumblers are provided with suitable pins 53 adapted to engage the springs which are located in recesses of the bar 44. instead of the pins 55 and 61, short bars or ings may be employed, imparting aooed strengtrL to these parts.

As will be understood hy an inspection of the drawings, to permit of a relative movement oi the barrel within the Helsing, the grooves 58 of the t'umhlers nmst hrought into alinement with the groove 47 of the bar 44. This is accomplished by the lire/y 54 which is provided with iongitudinally-extending grooves 55 arranged as shown, said grooves corresponding in position to the pins on the tuinhler and on the bar 44, and being of such length that when the end of the groove for the pin 55 reaches its limit of movement by having its end contact with said pin, the tumblers dil have been moved, by the similar contact ol each pin l with the end of its corresponding groove, the proper distance to carry the grooves 58 into alinement with the grow-Je 47.

The various key changes are obtained by variations in the position of the pins and 6l and in the position of the grooves 5&5. Obviously, the change in position et any one of these elements, to the slightest degree requires a corresponding change in the key wards.

l/Vhile l have shown and described the use of but two tumblers, it is obvious that a llO greater number may be used, as shown, for said lrerf. Each of the angularly-extending instance, in rig. 12, Where the plate is omitted and four tumblers 37 are employed, two opposing the innerI face of the bar afl and one on each of the outer sides ot the central tumblers, the side tumblers being actuated by grooves on the edges of the leys. (Teviousiy many additional hey changes may be provided by such structure.

ln the disclosure herein made the length of the recesses 54 and 6() have no important function, excepting that the inner wall thereof must be so located as to clear the projecting lug 57, the movement described above being but a rotative one only. The length of the recess 53, however, is of importance, since the edges of the bar 44 serve to limit the rotative movement of the barrel, these edges projecting into the plane of the lug 57 during the normal rotative movement of the barrel, thereby limiting the extreme length of' rotative movement.

From this description it Will be seen that l have provided a barrel and tumbler structure in which the barrel substantially 'fills the space Within the tubular barrel casing, the tumblers lying Within the plane of the barrel, the entire structure Within the casing being relatively movable when the tumblers have been properly positioned, so that there is no requirement of the use of a casing oi excessive diameter or one having a radially-extending projecting portion, nor is there a requirement of the use of relatively-stationary parts lying between the barrel and its casing, the longitudinal movement of the tumblers permitting' of the use of the structure described. A result similar to that described is obtained by the construction shown in detail in Fig. l5, the barrel 35a in this instance being circular in cross-section substantially throughout its length, being provided With a circumferential groove 47 a, and having a series of longitudinally-extending kerfs 46a, one of which extends diametrically while the remaining lerfs extend in directions angular With respect to the diametrically extending hert, and may also extend angular With respect to each other, as shown. The relatively angularly-extending kerfs are each adapted to receive a tumbler 37a, Which is normally retained in a position to prevent rotation of the barrel, by springs 62a located in expanded portions of the kerl' in Which each tumbler is located, the relative position of the expanded portions being shown by the circles shown in the end elevation oi the head 67 in Fig. l5, the expanded portions being formed by boring through the head 57, the outer ends of the openings so formed being closed by suitable plugs 68.

A pin a is mounted in one of' the Walls of the diametrical lrert 46a and projects thereinto, and each of the tumblers has its inner edge provided with a pin also projecting into kerfs extends along the barrel in the direction of the head 67 to a point approximate' the head 67, although it is not absolutely essential that this length be provided, it being required, however, that the tumblers may have not only a longitudinal. movement to be properly positioned to permit ot the rotation oi: the barrel, but that an additional movement may be had under the action. of an improper key; hence, it is advantageous that the angular lrerlis extend substantially throughout the length of the barrel. The rear end of the barrel is recessed, as at 53 a, to receive a lug 57il carried by the casing, the construction being such as gto permit a rotative movement Within certain limits` Each of the tumblers is provided With a groove 58a, said groove being so positioned on the tumbler that When the proper lrey is inserted Within the diametrical hert 46a and moved longitudinally therein, the grooves of each of the tumblers Will be in alinement with the groove 47'LL and thereby permit the barrel to be rotated, the bars 33 a riding in said grooves When alined. ln this instance, the barrel is shown as provided with a circular head 67, oi greater diameter than the diameter of the barrel, said head being provided with a radially extending operating lug 56a having its outer portion extended in both directions to provide undercut recesses 69 which may receive the Walls Otan opening formed in locking bolt structure, such as shown in Fig. 17, the ends of the overhanging portions of the lug 56a being mounted in an oval-shaped opening formed in an adjacent member of the bolt A, said members being riveted or otherwise secured together to have a common movement, the structure .shoWnbeing such as may be used in connection with a drawer lock, so that as the barrel is moved rotatively, the bolt Will be moved into or out of engagement With a suitable keeper, depending-upon the direction of movement of the barrel. As the rotative movement of the latteris limited as hereinbetore described, complete movement of the barrel -will move the bolt from one extreme position to the opposite extreme position, in either olE which positions the lug presents its greatest length in alinement With the longitudinal axis ol' the locking bolt.

he operating elements (the lugs 56 and 56a) is shown herein of special form. lt is to be understood, however, that the invention is not limited to barrel having the operating element of the particular form shown in Figs. l or l5, since provision is made for the use of a lengthening bar 40 in case such structure is desired. However, u here the operating element acts directly upon the locking mechanism or the latchbolt mechanism Without the intervention of an element other than a projecting portion having its path of llO in vement adjacent to the end f the berrel,

o iloy an operating element lot' fely to the barrel in sueh mnnner as to provide a roneentrie ope 'n ing path ot' move nent. Gbviously, the particular shape ot lr.v t s immeterinl, since the shape e contr )lied by the pa'rtieulnr n'hieh it is pi elle l have herein shown i thereof would b use to l',

yvso vmys in i my invention muy be formed and i other 'anys in which it may be applied, 'll be un( erstood that other changes may f made in t ie particular form and arri genien t of pnrts, hieli T noili'nentions l reserve 15 the rig'l t to use, in so hir as they mey fe'l i zithin the spirit and scope of the invention :is expressed in. the folloffing claims:

, n barrel and its easing, a plie ers extend ing longitu-z lin elly and mom-ble longitudinally mble-rs normally reteining the rotative movemen Y relative to its easing, seid lz-arrel and tuinolers having surf-rees hieing :i lrejlentering kerf, pins on said surr'aees, and lrey having longitudina"ly-evtending grooves extending from one end t iereoli, een grooves adapted to receive said pins :2nd the length of eaeh groove being sneh as to neuss the key, when introdueed :2,0 into said hert to th linit of its movement, to N s e' Ltively to the barrel end its easing, a pluniiing longitudinally vl und movable longitudinney `i tnmblers normally retaining the thereof, si be 'rei against rotative movement relative to rotative movement ol 3. A barrel t mounted therein, l lers lving rfhoilv within 3l 1li edlv positioned vfith 1 l of the barrel, means (,a-rried by sind i ie easing end pr-ri i l i 1 l l i l l i u lll l t .73 inenently extending into the peripheral; surl ta-ee of the nml) t l n a j retain the bei el from rotative inovient, :nd n. key

r i for positioning the tuminers to permit rotation oll the barrel.

4. A barrel and tumbler leek-operating meehzinism Comprising :i ,ubulsr easing, n, barrel lining ithin tively mounted therein, a `ipalu'inlity of tumbl ers lying '-f-:hollvrv `within the circumferential plane of the barrel, means carried by and d easing and rotn- Vfixedly positioned intermediate the ends of the easing and permanently extending into the peripheral surtaee of the tumblers to normally retain the barrel from rotative movement, and n key for positioning the tumblers to permit rotation of the barrel.

5. A befrel. and tumbler look-operating mech; nism comprising e tubular easing, a barrel fitting within said easing sind rotetively mounted therein, a plurality of tumblers lying wholly .rithin the eireumferen tial plane ol" the barrel, means Carried by and fixe-'illy positioned intermediate the ends of the easing and intermediate the ends ot the tumlz-lei's and permanently extending into peripheral surface of the tinnblers to normally retain the barrel from rotative movement, and a key for positioning the tumblers to permit rotation of the barrel.

Il Vwirrel end tumbler lock-operating ineehanisnif` emni'irising e tubular' easing, a barrel fitting within said easing and rota/- tivelj mounted therein, e plurality of tu blers lying wholly Within the eireuinl'erential plane ol' the barrel, said tumblers being movable longitudinally of the bei-rel, means carried by :ind lixedly positioned Within the casing -(ind intermediate the ends ol and permanently ex xnding into the path ol' longitudinal movement of the tumblers and adapted to cooperate with the tumblers to normally retain the barrel from rotative movement, and u lrey for positioning the tumblers to permit rotation oilVl the barrel.

7. ji barrel and tumblel look-operating inee-henis;e eon-.prising tubular easing, barrel fitting ,vithin said casing and rotetively nounted therein, a plurality ol' tuniblers lying Wholly within the oi1'mrnil'erentie plaine ol' the barrel, seid tunzblers eaeh heving en extended reeess, and also having n` movement `ongitndinnilly oi' the barrel, means carried by and xedly positioned Within the :rising end extending Within the recesses ol the tuinhlers and adapted to eepeinte with the tuinblers to normally retain the barrel from rotative movement, seid reoess and seid ineens lreing of' e relative size to permit longitudinal moveinent of the tnmblers, and e liey 'lor positioning the tuinblers to permit rotation ol the barrel.

S. barrel and tumbler' look-operating mechanism r mprising a tubular easing, e barrel fitting Within seid rinsing and rote tively mounted therein, e plurality ol tun blers lying wholly within the eirenm'l'e-rentiel plane ol' the barrel, enel; ol seid tumolers having an extended recess and n groove eX- tending in a direction at right angles to the direction of length of the recess, means eerried by and lixedly positioned Within the easing and adapted to eopeete with the tuinblers to normally retain the barrel Vlron rotative movement, seid .means being of e Width to enter said groove of the tumblers to permit rotation oi'l the barrel and tu mblers when the latter are properly positioned rela* z tive to said means, and a key Vlor positioning i the tumblers relative to4 said means.

9. i barrel and tumbler look-operating f mechanism comprising a tubular easing, a

barrel fitting within said casing and rota- Y C b. tively mounted therein, a plurality oi tumblers lying Wholly Within the circumferential plane 0l the barrel, each oi' said tumblers having a movement longitudinally oi the barrel, means carried by the casing and positioned intermediate the ends ol' and` permanently extending into the tumblers and coperating tl'ierevvith to normally re-4 tain the barrel against rotative movement and a hey l'or positioning the tumblers to release the tumblers from the retaining.y

means.

l0. barrel and tumbler lock-operating mechanism comprising a tubular easing, a barrel iitting Within said easing and rotatively mounted therein, a plurality oi' tumjA blers lying wholly Within the eiroumierential plane ol' the barrel, said tumblers extending .longitudinally oi' the barrel and movable in the direction of their length, means carried by and ixedly positioned intermediate the ends ol' and permanently extending into the easing for positioning the barrel in the easing, said means and the tumblers normally retaining the barrel against rotative movement, and a key 'tor positioning the tumblers relative to said means for perinitting rotative movement ol' the barrel.

11. barrel and tumbler look-operating mechanism comprising a tubular easing, a barrel fitting Within said easinI and rota- 2 tively mounted therein, a plura ity of tumblers lying Wholly Within the circumferential i plane olI the barrel, said tuniblers extending longitudinally oi' the barrelJ and movable in f rotative movement, and a 1Key for moving f the tuniblers to position said grooves in ahnement with said means.

in testimony. whereoll I aii'LX my signatureV in presence of two'witnesses.

HENRY W. SIMPSON. Yfiitnesses Y GEBTRUDE C. GRIFFIN, HERBERT L'. COBB. 

